Details of three narrow cut fractionation APC training sessions follow:
1. Distillation column configurations (100 minutes):
- Refresher of distillation theory.
- Key control handles: cut and fractionation.
- Heat balance and mass balance control configurations.
- Operational problems: purity inference, instabilities, constraints.
- Simple tray temperature inference.
- Pressure control configuration.
- APC requirements.
2. Distillation inference methodology (100 minutes):
- Empirical inference methods.
- The Petrocontrol GDS first principles model.
- Prediction of distillation product purities.
- RVP considerations.
- Flooding detection methods.
- Handling steady state inference models with dynamic inputs.
- The role of on-stream analyzers.
3. Distillation column APC (90 minutes):
- The classic dynamic interaction problem.
- Dynamic decouplers.
- Constraints and APC structure: CV’s, DV’s and MV’s for different column configuration.
- Pressure minimization considerations.
- Combining several columns in one MVPC controller.